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2022 Vol. 43, No. 6
Published: 2022-06-28
 
700 The Development and Future of Temperature Measurement for Biosome and Cells in Micro-nano Meter Scale
WANG Zheng,OUYANG Ke-chen,XING Li,FENG Xiao-juan,ZHANG Jin-tao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.01
Temperature is the fundamental parameter to describe the thermodynamic state and evolution of condensed matter. Temperature sensing in micro-nano meter scale has important applications in the fields of organisms and cells, chips, low-dimensional artificial materials and so on. It can provide another point of view to understand the activity of biosome, the chemical reaction and evolution with quantitative technique. Considering the obvious metrological differences between various temperature sensors, the comparison of metrological characteristics of different thermometers including micro-nano thermocouples, thermistors, infrared thermal imagers, magnetic nanoparticles and fluorescent materials were focused on. The future of temperature sensors for biosome and cells in micro-nano meter scale was also analyzed.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 700-710 [Abstract] ( 256 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1567 KB)  ( 766 )
711 Application of Graphene in Quantum Hall Resistance
SONG Hai-long,SUN Yi,YU Min,WANG Ying-shuang,MEN Bo-long,HUANG Xiao-ding
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.02
The quantum Hall resistance (QHR) standard based on GaAs needs to operate at a temperature of about 1.5K, which has many problems, such as high cost and complex operation.Graphene becomes the ideal material for the QHR standard as its unique properties are discovered and need only temperature of about 4.2K for the quantum Hall effect. Much effort has been spent in the application of graphene for the electrical metrology with great progress. Latest progress and still existing problems in the application of grapheme in QHR are summarized, future development trend is also presented.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 711-717 [Abstract] ( 153 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1534 KB)  ( 445 )
718 Research on Rapid and High-precision Detection and Generation for Machining Information of Cone Component in Reverse Engineering
KONG De-ming,TIAN Xiao-qiang,CUI Yong-qiang,KONG Ling-fu
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.03
A rapid and high-precision detection and generation for machining information of cone component is proposed in the field of processing and manufacturing.First, triangulated irregular network model is obtained by using the Delaunay Triangulation method.Then the nearest neighborhood planes of points in the cone component point cloud or its normal vectors are acquired by using least square fitting algorithm, and a mapping relationship between the normal vectors and points in the cone component point cloud is constructed.Cone angle can be obtained using the constructed mapping relationship.Finally, according to the distribution of points of the cone component point cloud in 3D coordinate system, cone height can be obtained, and radius of bottom circle can be acquired by the relation between cone angle and cine height.So high precision processing information of cone component are rapidly acquired by way of computation.The experimental results show that compared with geometric measurement method, measurement errors of cone angle, cone height, and radius of the bottom circle are deduced 77.64%, 70.53% , 73.48% respectively, and detection time are deduced 81.74%. It can realize rapid and high-precision detection and generation method for machining information of cone component.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 718-723 [Abstract] ( 178 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2161 KB)  ( 120 )
724 A New Algorithm for Circularity Based on Fast Searching the Center
SHENG Dong-liang,ZHAN Jian-liang,ZHU Dan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.04
A new algorithm for circularity based on fast search for the center of a circle is proposed, according to the definition of roundness of ISO 1101-1983. Through the established mathematical model and algorithm flow, two concentric circles and the center of the circle are quickly searched and found. First, use the least squares method to fit the center of the circle. Then, the moving direction of the circle center is determined according to the farthest point and the closest point from the circle center. The next circle center is searched according to the set step value and the center movement direction. Finally, iterative calculations are performed several times until the roundness meets the requirements. The experimental results show that the roundness calculation error of the proposed algorithm is less than 1μm, and the calculation efficiency is increased by 10 times, compared with the area search method. It can meet the needs of engineering applications.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 724-728 [Abstract] ( 206 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1073 KB)  ( 189 )
729 Wheel Hub Identification of Convolutional Neural Networks Based on Ring Features
CHENG Shu-hong,LU Jia-xin,ZHANG Dian-fan,XU Nan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.05
Aiming at the mixed-flow production of different types of wheels, a wheel hub identification algorithm of convolutional neural networks based on ring features is proposed. The circular hub in rectangular coordinates is mapped to polar coordinates, normalized to a rectangle in standard form, and the feature information is extracted by rotation to reduce the influence of redundant features. An improved VGG network architecture is designed, which uses depthwise separable convolution to break the relationship between the output channel dimension and the size of the convolution kernel. It reduces the computation without losing the network performance. The hub recognition algorithm is evaluated in terms of effectiveness and real-time performance, and through comparative experiments of models such as Inception V3, SVM, and KNN etc. The experiment shows that the method has a processing accuracy of more than 99%, and the processing time of a single image is reduced to 11.78ms.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 729-735 [Abstract] ( 195 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2630 KB)  ( 522 )
736 Binocular Vision 3D Reconstruction Based on Deformable Convolution
LI He-xi,LI Wei-long
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.06
A stereo matching algorithm based on deformable convolution is proposed to perform 3D reconstruction of binocular vision.Firstly, the two-dimensional deformable convolution is used to extract the features of the left and right input images.Secondly, the three-dimensional deformable convolution is used to effectively aggregate the relevant features between the two images in the matching cost volume.Finally, a three-stage cascade residual learning method is used to reduce the parameter calculation amount of the matching cost volume, which can meet the real-time requirements of fast matching.According to the principle of the algorithm, the detection of the disparity depth map is completed, and the three-dimensional object is reconstructed through Open3D.The experimental results show that the parameter amount of the algorithm is 0.5×106, the running time is only 0.02s, the generated disparity map has high precision, and the reconstructed 3D effect is good.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 736-744 [Abstract] ( 224 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3828 KB)  ( 337 )
745 Research on Segmentation and Classification Methods of Mixed Overlapped Particle Images
CHEN Zong-yuan,ZHANG Lei-lei,ZHAO Ning-ning,SU Ming-xu
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.07
Mask R-CNN was introduced to overcome the segmentation difficulties of traditional image processing algorithms for overlapped particle images.By adjusting residual network ResNet-101 to accelerate training, a double FPN structure was proposed to achieve global feature fusion, and soft-NMS was used to avoid o overlapped particle missing detection.A particle overlapped image experiment system was designed to acquire single spherical, spherical and irregular mixed multi-dispersed overlapped particle images for segmentation analysis.The experimental results show that the present classification accuracy is 91%, and the recall rate is 92%, which are both better than the traditional algorithms.When applied to the real-time measurement of crystallization and bubbles in the crystallization process of citric acid monohydrate, the method yields the errors around 3.8% for median diameter and -1.6% for the counting number of crystal particles.The proposed method provides a clue for analysis of overlapped mixed particle images, which is expected to solve the problems of image analysis at late stage of the crystallization process and eliminate the interference of bubbles involved during real-time monitoring.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 745-752 [Abstract] ( 199 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5745 KB)  ( 628 )
753 Research on Change of Calibration Coefficient of Ultrasonic Flowmeter with the Amount of Enterprise Pollution Source Flue Gas in Six Typical Flow Fields
FANG Yu-wen,ZHANG Liang,ZHAO Bu-hui,WANG Chi
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.08
Computational fluid dynamics is used to study the variation of calibration coefficient of ultrasonic flowmeter with different loads of the enterprise in six typical flow fields. The variation of relative standard deviation of calibration coefficient of ultrasonic flowmeter under different loads is analyzed under different path angle, pipe diameter, path layout, length of upstream straight pipe and pipe form. Through the experimental verification of the national stack flowrate standard facility, the results show that the relative standard deviation of calibration coefficient under different loads is less than 1%, and the stack ultrasonic flowmeter can be calibrated by single load calibration.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 753-759 [Abstract] ( 187 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4195 KB)  ( 296 )
760 Flow Rate Measurement Model and Experimental Research of Unidirectional Diverter Based on Rotating Shunt
MA Long-bo,ZHAO Jin-hui,SUN Bin,MEI Cong-li,LUO Yun-xia
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.09
To reduce the measurement error caused by the non-unidirectional diverter in the water flow standard facility, an unidirectional diverter was manufactured. The principle of the new diverter was analyzed and the flow rate measurement model also was developed based on the principle. The following conclusions were obtained that the measurement results had nothing with pulse trigger position, velocity distribution and diverting time according to the flow measurement model derivation process. The experimental research was carried out by means of the water flow standard facility. Experimental results showed that the new diverter could reduce the errors caused by the non-unidirectional diverter. So the new diverter could be used for the water flow calibration facility to measure water flow rate intead of the non-unidirectional diverter.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 760-765 [Abstract] ( 192 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (767 KB)  ( 188 )
766 Signal Processing of High Frequency Microbend Coriolis Mass Flowmeter for Urea Filling Machine
LIU Chen-ci,XU Ke-jun,HUANG Ya
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.10
In order to apply the Coriolis mass flowmeter with micro-bending and high frequency sensor to the urea machine, the signal model of the Coriolis mass flow sensors filling process is established according to the flow signal data collected in the field of the enterprise. Based on the above model, the error causes of the existing digital signal processing algorithms are analyzed, and the algorithm is improved from the perspective of dynamic response speed, so as to meet the needs of urea machine measurement. The real-time algorithm is realized on the Coriolis mass flow transmitter based on DSP, and the water flow calibration experiment and filling machine calibration are carried out. The measurement error is less than 0.1% and the repeatability error is less than 0.05%.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 766-775 [Abstract] ( 155 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2134 KB)  ( 220 )
776 Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Singular Value Decomposition and Independent Component Analysis
CHEN Jian,LIU Yuan-yuan,HUANG Kai-xuan,YANG Bin,LIU Xing-fu,CAI Kun-qi
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.11
To solve the problem that it is difficult to extract the characteristic frequency of the fault in the early fault signal of the rolling bearing under strong background noise, the signal analysis method of singular value decomposition-independent component analysis was proposed. At first, phase space reconstruction was used to extend the one-dimensional time-domain signal to higher dimensions, and obtain the attractor trajectory matrix. Then singular value decomposition was performed on the trajectory matrix to reduce noise. According to the singular value difference spectrum threshold principle, the corresponding order components were selected for recombination to construct the virtual noise channel. Then the recombined signal and the observation signal were separated by ICA. Finally the energy operator demodulation method was used to extract the effective fault feature components to identify the fault type. The fault diagnosis experiment and simulation results of rolling bearing showed that the method is effective and feasible.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 776-784 [Abstract] ( 188 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3173 KB)  ( 425 )
785 Study on Influence of Primary Suspension Damping on Running Quality of Vehicle Based on SIMPACK
LIU Zhi-yuan,ZHANG Hong-tao,XU Teng-yang,GUO Zhao-tuan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.12
The dynamic model of a high-speed train and the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the primary suspension damping of the train are established. Based on the structure, the common failure forms of the primary suspension damping of the train are studied, and the influence of the primary suspension damping failure on the running quality of the vehicle is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the common faults of primary suspension damping are mainly caused by the serious wear of the skeleton seal, the serious aging of the O-ring and the emulsification of oil. Vehicle lateral and vertical stability is less affected as one damper or two dampers (one for each bogie) are failure. The index deterioration rate is less than 5%. Comfort has a certain impact, the index deterioration rate is up to 15%. Running quality deteriorates significantly as primary suspension dampings are all failure. Comfort deterioration is the most serious and the deterioration rate of the index reaches 186%.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 785-790 [Abstract] ( 187 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3385 KB)  ( 220 )
791 Research on Broadband Multi-tier TRL Calibration Algorithm for RF Power Devices
ZHAO Si-yuan,WANG Xiang,SU Jiang-tao,WANG Fei,LIU Jun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.13
Multi-tier TRL calibration is one of the commonly used calibration methods for measuring microwave millimeter-wave high power devices. A broadband TRL calibration optimization algorithm that combines a priori knowledge and dynamic minimization of error approximation is proposed to address the issue of the phase shift of error coefficients that can occur in classical TRL calibration methods for high power device measurement. Based on the domestic AV3672 vector network analyzer and system of load pull measurement at 3.8GHz with the third harmonic to verify the validation of the algorithm. The experimental results prove that the algorithm effectively corrects the phase shifts of the error coefficients, and the analysis of the optimal impedance point of the large signal operation of the device is more accurate, and the complexity of the algorithm does not increase significantly, it can be applied as a subsequent correction step of the classical TRL algorithm, which is highly practical and versatile.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 791-797 [Abstract] ( 216 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2327 KB)  ( 186 )
798 Signal Denoising Method Based on Regularized Chirp Mode Pursuit Algorithm and Its Applications
SHANGGUAN Jia-xin,ZHANG Shu-qing,ZHENG Long-jiang,Jiang An-qi,AI Hong-ke,ZHANG Li-guo,LIU Hai-tao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.14
The noise in the signal acquisition process will cause a certain degree of difficulty to the follow-up work, so the elimination of noise interference is the key problem for the accurate next work. A regularized chirp mode pursuit (RCMP) algorithm is proposed. The algorithm extracts each chirp mode from the signal through a priori frequency information and a recursive framework, which has a certain degree of adaptability. The proposed RCMP algorithm is applied to the noise reduction of sensor data, and the noise reduction performance of the RCMP algorithm is studied through simulatd signals and actual signals. At the same time, the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method are verified by comparing the noise reduction method with EMD combined with interval threshold, CEEMDAN combined with interval threshold and VMD combined with correlation coefficient.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 798-804 [Abstract] ( 148 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2274 KB)  ( 201 )
805 Performance Evaluation of GPS in-orbit Satellite Clocks
LEI Yu,ZHAO Dan-ning
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.15
It plays an key role in system integrity monitoring and satellite clock prediction to evaluate the performance of satellite clocks in orbit. The work is aimed at evaluating the performance of the on-board clocks in the GPS Block IIR, IIR-M, IIF and newest Block IIIA satellites. The final precise GPS satellite clock produces from the International GNSS Service (IGS) are used to calculate the four indexes, namely the frequency accuracy, drift, stability for an average time of ten thousand seconds as well as stability for a 1-day average time. The results show that the magnitudes of frequency accuracy and drift reach the 10-13～10-12 and 10-15～10-14/d level, respectively. As for frequency stability, the in-orbit Rubidium clocks stability for an average time of ten thousand seconds and one day can reach a magnitude at the 10-14 and 10-15 level, respectively. It is illustrated that the stability of the in-orbit Rubidium clocks is noticeably higher than that of the cesium clocks by an order of magnitude both for the short-and long-term average time. The frequency accuracy and drift of the Block IIIA satellite clocks are comparable with those of the other clocks. However, the frequency stability for an one day interval is at a (3～5)×10-15 level and therefore higher than that of the existing satellite clocks in orbit, demonstrating that the on-board clocks equipped in the newest Block IIIA satellite are continually optimized and improved. In addition, It is found that even for the same Block satellites there are certain performance differences between the on-board clocks, which has no significant relationship with the operation time of the satellite clocks in flight.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 805-810 [Abstract] ( 233 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1236 KB)  ( 317 )
811 Simulation of X-ray Machine and Correction of Heel Effect Based on MCNP
YAN Yong-qiang,WU Jin-jie,JIN Shang-zhong,ZHAO Rui
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.16
In order to modify the anode heel effect of X-ray tube, according to the common parameters of X-ray tube, a simulation model of X-ray machine is established based on MCNP, and a detector array of 169 pixels is built to simulate the intensifying screen of the imaging system of X-ray machine, and the anode heel image of X-ray tube is explored by using the array. The heel effect filter HEF is designed by polynomial fitting and subsection correction method.The area with high illumination of heel effect is corrected. By comparing the flux distribution between the plane filter and HEF, it is found that HEF successfully corrects the range of -12° to 19° in the direction of the axis of the cathode and anode poles to 60% of the intensity without the filter, and the maximum relative error of the flux in this area is less than 3%, achieving a large uniform area. Through the comparative analysis of the simulated imaging, it is found that the X-ray machine modified by HEF greatly improves the resolution ability of the object. The proposed correction method for the specific X-ray tube parameters and the anode heel effect of the imaging array surface has certain practicability and generalization, and has certain reference value for the design and use of the X-ray machine.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 811-817 [Abstract] ( 175 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4558 KB)  ( 228 )
818 Study on the Influence of Standard Curve Preparation on Heavy Metals Analysis in Drinking Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Method
WANG Yi,DENG Xiao-juan,XUE Tao,DU Hai-yan,HU Xiao-xia,LIU Yang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.17
The element contents of lead and nickel in drinking water were determined by ICP-MS method, and uncertainties of the two approaches preparing standard curves including volumetric method and weighing method were evaluated. The sources of uncertainty were analyzed, and the components of uncertainty were evaluated and the expanded uncertainty was synthesized. According to the established uncertainty evaluation method, the relative uncertainty of volumetric method is urel(Pb)=2.8%,urel(Ni)=2.4%; the relative uncertainty of weighing method is urel(Pb)=1.6%,urel(Ni)=1.0%. The established uncertainty evaluation procedure is suitable for the determination of heavy metal elements in drinking water by ICP-MS. By comparing the uncertainty and relative component contribution of the volumetric method and weighing method, improvements were proposed from the perspective of standard solution configuration. The scientific basis for strengthening the detection of heavy metals in drinking water was provided and the safety of water quality was ensured.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 818-824 [Abstract] ( 171 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (475 KB)  ( 252 )
825 Study on Evaluation Method of Acquisition Efficiency of Anderson Six-stage Impact Sampler
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.18
The acquisition efficiency evaluation method suitable for Anderson air microorganism sampler was studied, and the evaluation system was established.The monodisperse polystyrene microspheres with different particle sizes were atomized to form aerosols, and the concentration of particles above and downstream of the sampler were measured utilizing aerodynamic particle size spectrometer.The collection efficiency at all levels of the sampler were measured, so as to calculate the aerodynamic diameter Da50 when the collection efficiency was 50%.According to the evaluation results of the domestic six-stage Anderson air microorganism sampler, the Da50 values of the 1st to 6th stage were 7.2,6.7,4.7,2.9,1.5,0.8μm, respectively.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 825-829 [Abstract] ( 231 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1760 KB)  ( 350 )
830 Monte Carlo Method for the Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation Considering Non-positive Definite Correlation
JU Yan-fei,WANG Jun-biao,CHANG Chong-yi,ZHAO Ze-ping
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.06.19
When the Monte Carlo method is used to evaluate the measurement uncertainty and the input quantities correlation is considered, it is necessary to generate relevant multi-dimensional random variables that obey any marginal probability distribution based on the Nataf inverse transformation. In order to solve the problem that the linear transformation matrix cannot be generated when the input correlation coefficient matrix is not positive definite in the Nataf inverse transformation process, an iterative correction algorithm based on the Barzilai-Borwein gradient method is proposed. Furthermore, it discusses the implementation steps of Monte Carlo method that the input quantities obey non-normal distribution. Finally, the iterative correction algorithm proposed and the Monte Carlo method based on Nataf inverse transformation are used to evaluate the uncertainty of the wheel-rail longitudinal creep rate of the high-speed wheel-rail system, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm.
2022 Vol. 43 (6): 830-836 [Abstract] ( 183 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (801 KB)  ( 295 )
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