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2012 Vol. 33, No. 1
Published: 2012-01-22
 
1 Thermal Expansion Coefficient Measurements with Precision Interferometer
ZHANG Xu-dong,SU Yong-chang,YE Xiao-you
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.01
The thermal expansion measurements with NIM’s precision interferometer are described.The measurements are based on the observation of the length change of the material samples as a function of a temperature using laser interferometry. The interferometer and the material sample up to 1m are situated in a tight enclosure which temperature is controlled by a water circulation within a temperature range from 5 ℃ to 40 ℃.A heat-balanced interference mirror was designed.A high precision temperature measuring system is used for measuring the temperature of the material sample and the air.The accurate determination of the refractive index of air and the real-time compensation of zero error are accomplished. Using an 500 mm gauge block, thermal expansion coefficient is measured with a relative deviation of less than 0.2%, and it was compared with those of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) of Germany. The coefficient of thermal expansion can be obtained with a uncertainty less than 3×10-8K-1.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 1-4 [Abstract] ( 527 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (864 KB)  ( 652 )
5 Errors Analysis on Lunar Surface On-orbit Elevation Data Measurement with the Laser Altimeter on Chang‘e-1 Satellite
WANG Dong-xia,SONG Ai-guo,WEN Xiu-lan,WANG Feng-lin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.02
To study the detecting errors of lunar elevation of Laser Altimeter, the on-orbit measurement data obtained from Laser Altimeter of Chinese Chang’e-1 is investigated. Firstly, the elevation data from latitude 60°to 90°in the South and North Polar Regions are divided into different small sectors along latitude directions. Secondly, a series of process were developed in each small sector, such as searching the elevation repeated data, rejecting the gross error (pseudo elevation) data, calculating the residual error and standard deviation and presenting the results. Finally, the processing results from the South and North Polar Regions were compared and analyzed. And it turned out that the average standard deviation of the South Polar Regions which latitude is between 60°and 90° is larger than that of the North Polar Region. The research results will provide the scientific basis for further analyzing error sources of Laser Altimeter. And they also offer theory guidance and reference data to the design of effective loading which exploring satellites carry.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 5-11 [Abstract] ( 446 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1628 KB)  ( 699 )
12 Research of Methods on the Angle Accuracy Behavior of RIEGL LMS-Z390i Laser Scanner
ZHANG Qi-fu,SUN Xian-shen,WANG He,WANG Li
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.03
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A new method to assess the angle accuracy of 3D Laser Scanner is presented. TM5100 electronic theodolite was used to set up datum angle,and the angle accuracy of RIEGL LMS-Z390i Laser Scanner was assessed. The observed angle was obtained by 3D coordinate of point-clouds,and the analysed axes errors of 3D Laser Scanner is used to set up the calibration model. According to the least squares adjustment,the angle accuracy were 0.002 7° and 0.001 5°,so the new method was feasible.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 12-15 [Abstract] ( 495 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (648 KB)  ( 728 )
16 Approximation Implementation Approach for Gaussian Filtering in Roundness Measurement
XU Jing-bo,YUAN Yi-bao,LIU Bo,LIN Hai-jun,LI Jian-xin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.04
Gaussian filter acts as the filter for roundness signal processing and a new implementation approach for it is presented. Based on B-spline function, the variations principle with the constraint condition and the convolution characteristic of Gaussian filter of small scale parameter, the approximation filter of Gaussian filter is established. The amplitude characteristic deviation from the theory filter is less than 1% and has zero-phase-shift characteristic. The digital filtering algorithm consists of the zero-phase-shift filtering and the weighing filtering which loop two times in processing and has simply structure and high efficiency. The method of cycle continuation solves the edge effects of digital filtering by the periodicity of the roundness measurement signal. The approximation filter is both efficiency and accurate for the implementation of Gaussian filter in the application of roundness measurement.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 16-20 [Abstract] ( 576 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (961 KB)  ( 585 )
21 Study on Refraction Character of Coaxial Spherical System with Matrix Method
ZHANG Ji-yan,LIU Wen-li
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.05
Based on the primary theory of optometry, accurate mathematic models for coaxial system of both single lens and combination of several lenses are established with matrix method. Then, comparison between accurate and simplified models is made by calculating the difference on dioptric power due to different position and distance between lenses. Finally, with the accurate mathematic models established, uncertainty for spherical power was evaluated and discussed. It showed that uncertainty from front and back surface radius is the biggest component, secondary is from refractive index and distance between lenses, and uncertainty from lens thickness is the least.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 21-25 [Abstract] ( 486 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (377 KB)  ( 433 )
26 Hydraulic Leveling System and Experimental Study for Mobile Asphalt Mortar Vehicle
YANG Jian-hong,FANG Huai-ying,ZHANG Ren-cheng,CAI Zhong-shan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.06
In order to ensure levelness of measuring instrument in the asphalt mortar vehicle and satisfy the features of mobile often. A module of leveling system for asphalt mortar vehicle was established. The different leveling control algorithms were analyzed and studied. The different leveling control algorithms were compared and studied by a lot of tests. The results showed that single direction angle leveling algorithm would lead to non-convergence and low leveling efficiency as leveling accuracy of asphalt mortar vehicle is above ±0.2°. The lowest point leveling control algorithm removed couple can ensure leveling convergence and a high leveling efficiency when leveling accuracy is ±0.1°. The leveling control algorithms based on the lowest point can satisfied the leveling accuracy and efficiency of mobile asphalt mortar vehicle.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 26-30 [Abstract] ( 586 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (347 KB)  ( 437 )
31 Study on the Static Characteristics of Force Floating Measurement SensorBased on Pressure Measurement
HUANG Bin,YU Xiao-fen,HUANG Ying,HUANG Hai-yang2WANG Biao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.07
In order to avoid dimensions coupling phenomenon in multi-axis force measurement, the method of force floating measurement is proposed. The operation principle is described and the static characteristic equation is established about force floating measurement sensor based on pressure measurement. The experimental device for the sensor static characteristics has been developed and the experimental results are discussed .Results show when Pd in the range of 0.5~3.5kg/cm2,sensor linearity is 0.8%, hysteresis error is 0.02%, and repeatability error is 0.1%.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 31-34 [Abstract] ( 456 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (564 KB)  ( 574 )
35 Dynamic Characteristics and Dynamic Compensation of Strain Gauge Force Transducer
ZHANG Wei,ZHANG Yue,ZHANG Zhi-min,HU Gang,MENG Feng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.08
The dynamic characteristics of various strain gauge force transducers are researched according to the measurement of natural frequencies and impulse responses. When a force transducer’s dynamic characteristics are not good enough, a digital filter based on pole-zero placement is designed to improve their dynamic characteristics.Experimental results show that the dynamic characteristic of the cylindrical force transducer is better than that of S-shaped force transducer when measuring dynamic force, dynamic compensation can improve the S-shaped force transducer’s dynamic characteristics and reduce dynamic error.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 35-38 [Abstract] ( 529 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (334 KB)  ( 752 )
39 Progress in the Determination of the Avogadro Constant
ZHANG Ji-tao,LUO Zhi-yong,ZHAO Ke-gong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.09
The progress in the determination of the Avogadro constant(NA) is reviewed. The x-ray crystal density method is considered as one of the most accurate route to determine NA. According to this method, the molar mass, density and lattice parameter of the single crystal silicon could be measured accurately, then a relative measurement uncertainty 2×10-8 of NA is achievable. The determination of the molar mass, the diameter of the silicon sphere, and the thickness of the oxide layer on the silicon sphere are key issues that affect the measurement accuracy of NA currently,and the focal points for further reseach of the datermination NA is presented.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 39-42 [Abstract] ( 499 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (315 KB)  ( 789 )
43 Study on Measurement System of Dynamic Response Time for an EFI
GUO Hui,ZHANG Zhen-dong,CHENG Qiang,SUN Yue-dong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.10
According to the dynamic operation process of the electronic fuel injector (EFI), the coil current of the EFI can bitterly reflect its dynamic response time, which is the measurement mechanism. Then the test circuits of the opening and closing response time of the EFI were designed, and the measurement system was developed with the C8051F310 as the processor. And the measurement system is low cost, convenient and high precision. The results show that the measurement errors of the opening and closing response time of the EFI were 0.9% and 1.14%, and this meet to the testing requirements of some research on the EFI.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 43-46 [Abstract] ( 545 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1084 KB)  ( 540 )
47 Underwater Acoustics Sound Pressure Calibration Comparison between China and Russia in the Frequency Range 250Hz to 200kHz
CHEN Yi,WANG Yue-bing,FEI Teng,A. E. Isaev,A. M. Enyakov,A N. Matveen
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.11
Using B&K 8104 and TC 4033 as standard hydrophones,an underwater acoustics sound pressure calibration comparison in the frequency range 250Hz to 200kHz was carried out between HAARI of China and VNIIFTRI of Russia from September, 2009 to June, 2010. Although the different measurement methods,calibration techniques and measurement facilities were used,the calibration results from both sides were very close,and the maximum deviation was only 0.36 dB. After the discussing and analyzing by the experts from China and Russia,the consensus conclusion was gotten that the measurement methods and calibration techniques using in the comparison calibration are correct,and the results from measurement facilities are accurate and reliable.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 47-51 [Abstract] ( 712 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (977 KB)  ( 631 )
52 Study on Periodic Non-uniform Sampling of Sparse Signals
LUO Jun-yi,TIAN Shu-lin,WANG Zhi-gang,ZHU Zhao-xuan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.12
According to the sparse signals feature that power is included in only several parts of frequency bands,a model of periodic non-uniform sampling and reconstruction is built in order to effectively sample sparse signals.The sampling and reconstruction of sparse signals are transformed into vector operations by using theory of union of subspaces.Locations of non-zero row vector are identified with the aid of the mode of the multiple measurement vectors,and the complete reconstruction of sparse signal is achieved in virtue of interpolations,which can insure that the signals could be applied in digital system.Finally,simulation and experimentation demonstrated that the model can effectively achieve acquisition and reconstruction of sparse signals.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 52-56 [Abstract] ( 494 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (946 KB)  ( 399 )
57 Comparison and Study on Three Kinds of High-voltage Divider in Measurement of Pulse Capacitor Charge and Discharge Characteristics
WANG Zhen-chun,WANG Cai-hong,LIU Fu-cai,WANG Meng,LI Kun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.13
Pulse forming network (PFN) can get all kinds of steep front impulse through charging slowly and discharging rapidly energy storage component.In order to improve the performance of PFN, the technical parameters that performance related must be measured.A comparative study is conducted on the three kinds of high-voltage divider——resistive, capacitive and capacitive resistor in pulse capacitor charge-discharge characteristics measurement.First of all, simulation study is carried out using Simulink software based on the analysis of its structure and operation principle, and then the three kinds of dividers are designed according to experimental demands, which are used for the charge-discharge characteristics measurement of high-voltage pulse divider capacitor separately.Simulation waveforms are compared to experimental waveforms, analysis results show that the resistive divider is better than the other two kinds of voltage dividers during measurement of pulse capacitor charge and short-circuit discharge voltage experiment.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 57-62 [Abstract] ( 474 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1809 KB)  ( 765 )
63 Linking APMP Attenuation Key Comparison to the Associated CCEM Comparison
GAO Qiu-lai,LIANG Wei-jun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.14
APMP attenuation key comparison, APMP.EM.RF-K19.CL linked the comparison results to the corresponding CCEM comparison. The calculation method of weighted mean was used in the calculation of the linking correction. The method of median of absolute deviation was used for identifying statistical outlier from the linking data. It was considered whether measurement results in CCEM comparison of the linking laboratories were validity as well. The linking results show that the calculation result of linking correction is reliable and the evaluation of the uncertainties is reasonable.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 63-67 [Abstract] ( 535 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (265 KB)  ( 332 )
68 Research on Calibration of the Equivalent Source Reflection Coefficient in WR-28 Power Standard System
DAI Ming-zhen,CUI Xiao-hai,LIU Xin-meng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.15
The equivalent source reflection coefficient is an important parameter to determine the effective efficiency of the calorimeter and analyze the uncertainties and transfer power standard in WR-28 power in the reference system. And it is irrespective of the signal generator in this power system,only depends on the directional coupler connected with the calorimeter.Three measurement methods: traditional three ports method,the direct calibration method and Shimaoka K method are introduced.The experiments are first operated with Shimaoka K method in 26.5~40 GHz,to measure the equivalent source reflection coefficient of the directional coupler.The best method is determined by analyzing and comparing the results obtained from the three methods.The experiment results show that Shimaoka K method is not only feasible,but also the best choice in WR-28 power standard system due to its comprehensive advantages.The uncertainty of equivalent source reflection measurement is also evaluated by the Shimaoka K method.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 68-72 [Abstract] ( 567 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (641 KB)  ( 428 )
73 Design of Miniaturized Physics Package for Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standards
KANG Song-bai,ZHAO Feng,WANG Fang,QI Feng,XIA Bai-hua,MEI Gang-hua
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.16
A miniaturized physics package for rubidium atomic frequency standards is described. In the design a slotted tube cavity with small size and the separated filter technique (SFT) were used. The whole package is of 30 cm3 in volume. A preliminary test on the physics package was carried out, and a short term frequency stability of 3.8×10-12/τ1/2 was obtained. The physics package has small size and high signal to noise ratio simultaneously, and can be used as a high performance miniaturized rubidium atomic frequency standards.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 73-76 [Abstract] ( 480 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1015 KB)  ( 571 )
77 Study on the Differential Calibration Techniques for the Internal Time Delays of the GPS Receivers for Time and Frequency Transfer
LIANG Kun,ZHANG Ai-min,GAO Xiao-xun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.17
On the basis of BIPM differential calibration method, the modified calibration method that can be used to calibrate the receiver internal delay independently has been implemented. The calibration of one such receiver was carried out, a self-developed time transfer receiver, based on a Javad E_GGD GPS module, by the improved differential calibration method with respect to another time transfer receiver that had previously been calibrated, and a total calibration uncertainty of less than 6 nanosecond level can be acquired. The results of the differential calibration agree well with the ones of the absolute calibration formerly within 1ns.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 77-80 [Abstract] ( 588 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (812 KB)  ( 1055 )
81 Characterization of Genetically Modified Maize Line NK603 Matrix Reference Material
DONG Lian-hua,SUI Zhi-wei,YU Xiao-bo,LI Liang,WANG Jing
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.18
To validate the key parameters of the real time PCR method for GM maize NK603,the result shows that this real time PCR method can be used to assign the value for GM maize NK603 matrix reference material.Seven laboratories are chosen to characterize the property values of three different GM content matrix reference materials by using the same method.Although different types of instruments are used by different lab,the standard curve generated by each lab is comparable which indicate that this method has a good reproducibility.The statistic test shows the data from different labs with equal.The values and expanded uncertainties for three matrix GM reference material are 0.57%±0.11%,1.21%±0.30% and 4.92%±1.80%(k=2).
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 81-86 [Abstract] ( 457 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (456 KB)  ( 434 )
87 Hybrid Filter Designed for X-ray Compton Back-scattering Security Inspection Images
WANG Huai-ying,ZHANG Yu-jin,YANG Li-rui,CHEN Li,LI Dong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.19
Considering to the radiation image system charactertics and the existing problems of X-ray Compton back-scattering image, such as noise, background uniformity and contrast, a new hybrid filter is designed which is used to improve the image quality. After filtered, the X-ray back-scattering image with clear levels, distinct outline, uniform background will be displayed on the screen.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 87-90 [Abstract] ( 488 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (928 KB)  ( 915 )
91 Non-equilibrium Correction of 218Po for Measuring Radon Exhalation Rate
TAN Yan-liang,XIAO De-tao,ZHAO Gui-zhi,ZHOU Qing-zhi,XIAO Tian,ZHOU Yi
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.20
By experimental verification base on traditional accumulation method,discoverd that the radon exhalation rate obtained is obviously low.Analysis of the operation principle of measuring instruments for radon and the variation of the radon concentration in the chamber,find that it is because of the radon exhaled from medium suface continuously and got into the chamber, 218Po is not in equilibrium with radon,this make the radon concentration measured by instrument obviously low.The corrected theoretical model for measuring radon exhalation rate is obtained by non-equilibrium revision.The radon exhalation rate from medium surface obtained by corrected theoretical model match the reference value well and the error is less than 7%.Moreover, compare chi-square value of different model and find that the chi-square value corrected by theoretical model is small than that of traditional model,this shows that the corrected theoretical model is more realistic.The theoretical model can be applied to develop and improve the instrument for measuring radon exhalation rate.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 91-93 [Abstract] ( 721 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (517 KB)  ( 643 )
94 Estimation of Standard Deviation in Unequal Precision Measurement
TAO Jing-xuan,GU Long-fang,SONG Ming-shun,FANG Xing-hua
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.01.21
Bessel formula is always proposed to eatimate the standard deviation in unequal precision measurement. By studying the standard deviation estimation in unequal precision measurement, it proves the Bessel formula theoretically, and aslo it gives some notes and prerequisites about application of Bessel formula in unequal precision measurement data processing.
2012 Vol. 33 (1): 94-96 [Abstract] ( 430 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (256 KB)  ( 662 )
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