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2015 Vol. 36, No. 3
Published: 2015-05-22
 
225 Exploratory Research on the Length Measuring Error Calibration of Industrial CT
SONG Xu, SHI Yu-shu, SONG Xiao-ping, LI Dong-sheng, CHEN Si-wen, LI Shi, GAO Si-tian
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.01
An exploratory research on the length measuring error calibration  of industrial CT is carried out to move forward on the traceability of industrial CT in dimensional measurement. The length measuring error of industrial CT can be classified to two types: sphere distance error and plane distance error. For the widely accepted sphere distance error, a tiny forest-ball is developed, and calibrated by a high precision coordinated measuring machin. Then the tiny forest-ball is used to calibrate an industrial CT called Metrotom 1500,  the sphere distance error is smaller than ±2 μm, and smaller than the maximum permissible error of this machine. For the plane distance error, an exploratory experiment is conducted with steel gauge blocks and ceramic gauge blocks, and the plane distance error is out of the maximum permissible error. The experiment result shows that it is very different to calibrate the  length measuring error of industrial CT by sphere distance and plane distance, and the plane distance error is much larger than sphere distance error when measuring a same length.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 225-228 [Abstract] ( 860 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1662 KB)  ( 1079 )
229 Massive Cloud Data Simplification Based onCurvature Hypotenuse-height Method
WU Feng-he,WANG Xin,SUN Ying-bing,WANG Jun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.02
In the field of vision measurement, the size of clouds data of the point which obtained in vision measurement process is so large that it is inconvenient to be calculated, stored and reconstructed. Based on the analysis of cloud data characteristics of vision measurement point, combined curvature principle with the chord height algorithm, a mass cloud data reducing method based on curvature chord height algorithm is presented. With this method, the function of the chord height was built considering the curvature variation of the curves, and the value of changing chord height of each point is obtained by iteration, and then the measurement points to be retained were determined based on the data reducing method of chord height algorithm. Simulation results showed that the cloud data reduced 89.8% through this method when the average error was less than 0.2mm.So the cloud data of mass points were reduced directly and effectively, and the reasonable distribution of measurement point according to the curvature of the surface was realized.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 229-233 [Abstract] ( 616 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5036 KB)  ( 569 )
234 The On-line Detection Method of Roll Wear Based on Laser Self-mixing Interference
ZHANG Yu-yan,YAN Mei-su, ZHOU Hang,LV Kun-kun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.03
A method of non-contact on-line measurement for testing roller wears based on the measuring principle of laser self-mixing interference was put forward. The principle and project of roller wear testing is investigated. A self-mixing interference displacement detector was used for multi-point measurement and translating the roll wear quantity into micro displacement to get the wearing capacity of the roll. In signal processing, the phase unwrapping method is used to extract phase and  the interpolation method is used to improve the test resolution and accuracy. The result of the experiment shows that the resolution of this measuring method is refined to micron.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 234-237 [Abstract] ( 669 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1964 KB)  ( 511 )
238 Method for Chrominance Correction of Photoelectric Image of Appearance Detection in Printed Circuit Board
ZHANG Jing,YE Yu-tang,XIE Yu,CHANG Yong-xin,LIU Lin,LIU Juan-xiu,LUO Ying,YE Su
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.04
In order to reduce the impact of craftsmanship and lighting equipment which were produced in the processing of detection,  the principle of color deviation was analysed and  a new algorithm of the board and between the board chromatic correction was proposed.  The method firstly analyses illumination model and obtain correction function to correct the color difference between the boards,then adopts luminance channel of LAB color model and takes advantage of the accumulated illumination histogram to calculate mapping function which is to correct chrominance aberration.  The experiments have shown that the algorithm correct color deviation in the board and between boards in the preprocessing of PCB detection,which improve detection accuracy and efficiency of automatic optical inspection.  It will have a wide applications in the field of optical image measurement.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 238-241 [Abstract] ( 841 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1062 KB)  ( 620 )
242 Statistics of the Number of Seals Based on Multi-directional Projection
SONG Yun-cen,CHEN Zhen-long,LUO Ying,LIU Lin,YE Yu-tang,CHEN Wei,LIU Shao-zhuang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.05
A multidirectional projection method which can count the number of seals on bundled banknotes automatically and quickly is introduced. The fundamental principle of this method is that, based on the theory of image processing, converting bundled banknotes image from RGB space to LUV space in the first, processing it by using cluster analysis algorithm, then a binary image of the tied note can be gained. Using thought of multidirectional projection, projection transformation in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction then be applied to in turn. Finally the number of the seals can be counted. Theoretical analysis and the experimental results show that, this method can remove the impact of background noise effectively, do not depend on the quality of seals sigil, and  improve the efficiency and accuracy of the automatical number statistics of the seals.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 242-246 [Abstract] ( 694 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2137 KB)  ( 437 )
247 Study on Several Technical Problems in Calibration of Working Radiation Thermometer
ZHANG Long-fei,SUN Jian,LI Wen-jun,LI Xi-ming,GU Zhe-han
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.06
The several technical problems such as the measurement distance,aiming method and additional aperture in the calibration of working radiation thermometer are discussed. A method for determining measurement distance is presented, which is according to the maximization and minimization principles of measurement signals in different test temperatures.Two aiming methods are compared and analyzed, and the correlative conclusion is that the method of targeting the bottom cavity is of greater reliability and accuracy.In addition, for the radiation source size effect (SSE), the temperature correction formula generated by SSE is given.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 247-250 [Abstract] ( 763 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1549 KB)  ( 565 )
251 Investigation on Multi-model Modeling Method of Steam Turbine Heat Rate
NIU Pei-feng,LIU Chao,LI Guo-qiang,MA Yun-fei,CHEN Gui-lin,ZHANG Xian-chen
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.07
Taking into account the problem that the heat rate of steam turbine is difficult to accurately calculate, a novel heat rate multi-model soft measurement methodology based on kernel fuzzy c-means and shuffled frog-leaping algorithm optimized least squares support vector machine(LS-SVM is proposed), which is employed to calculate the heat rate under different working conditions. This method applies kernel fuzzy c-means algorithm clustering heat rate data. Taking the mean error of 5-fold cross-validation as fitness value of parameters selection for LS-SVM, LS-SVM based on SFLA is trained and established local model for each cluster, and then the model output is obtained by the switch way, so as to realize the heat rate multi-model method. Compared with the single LS-SVM model and BP network heat rate prediction model, the multi-model has a higher prediction accuracy and better generalization ability.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 251-255 [Abstract] ( 807 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1311 KB)  ( 427 )
256 Study on Dual-wavelength Photometric Method for Ultra Micro Liquid Volume Measurement
WANG Jin-tao,CHEN Chou-yun,LI Zhi-hao,TONG Lin, LIU Zi-yong,ZHANG Long,LUO Zhi-dong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.08
In order to overcome the shortcoming of significant influence of evaporation capacity on hydro-weighting method, a dual-wavelength photometric method based on Lambert-Beer law at 520 nm and 730 nm was introduced. Micro liquid volume to be measured can be calculated through the linear relation between dilute solution concentration and absorbance. Comparing with the gravimetric method, experimental systems for dual-wavelength photometric method is designed. The test data at 1 μL and 5 μL indicates that dual-wavelength photometric method is in good conformance with gravimetric method, and meet the technical requirement of ISO 8655, but the measured value of dual-wavelength photometric method is a little bigger. dual-wavelength photometric method is able to provide a good solution for micro liquid volume measurement. By comparing with gravimetric method, dual-wavelength photometric method is low in requirement of measurement environment, and easy to realize the online calibration and capable of effectively reducing the influence of liquid evaporation.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 256-259 [Abstract] ( 953 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (338 KB)  ( 658 )
260 Comparison of Three Sub-pixel Displacement Algorithm
ZI Xin-yun,GENG Shuai,ZHAO Shu-fan,XIA Jun-jian,SHU Fang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.09
Gradient method, surface fitting and N-R method are 3 main sub-pixel displacement algorithms of digital speckle correlation method to improve the precision of the measuring system. The principles of three kinds of algorithm were studied and numerical simulation was carried out. To compare the different precision from 3 methods under noise, the computer models generate a series of speckle gram whose displacement is 0.01 pixels and different Gaussian noise was added in generated graphics.  The results showed that in the precision requirement in 0.01 pixels, the upper bounds on noise variance of gradient method and N-R method are respectively 0.006 and 0.000 5, and the calculation precision of surface fitting method has huge uncertainty, gradient method is more suitable for engineering application.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 260-267 [Abstract] ( 1158 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3279 KB)  ( 676 )
268 Tool Wear State Recognition Based on Cutting Acoustic Emission Signal Measurement
ZHU Jian-min,ZHAN Han,ZHANG Tong-chao,WANG Jian
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.10
Aiming at the low recognition rate under changing processing conditions of the existing tool wear state recognition methods, according to real-time acquisition of acoustic emission signal, an adaptive tool wear state features extraction method from acoustic emission signal and a tool wear state recognition method based on grey relational analysis between wear state feature data sequences are proposed. Experiment with four WNMG080408-TM T9125 type turning tools on ZCK20 digital controlled lathe was conducted and tool wear state recognition was implemented, the results show that the proposed methods are able to acquire the turning tools’ wear state feature effectively and adaptively, and the tools wear state recognition results are consistent with the actual condition, and a high recognition rate is achieved.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 268-272 [Abstract] ( 722 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (406 KB)  ( 959 )
273 Determination of Ideal Index of Dynamic Compensation for Sensors According to Measuring Noise
WU Yi-ping,XU Ke-jun,YANG Shuang-long
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.11
As the measuring noise is the main factor that affects the dynamic compensation effect of sensor, and the ideal compensation effect of sensor within noisy environment is studied. The method to determine the ideal frequency bandwidth of  the sensor after dynamic compensation according to measurement noise is proposed, as well as the method to determine the ideal value of time-domain performance index including adjusting time and overshoot through the ideal frequency bandwidth. The proposed method is applied to the dynamic calibration experiment of the strain gauge balance, its effectiveness is verified. Finally, the method is used to assess  that the strain gauge balance after dynamic compensation could meet the requirements of the wind tunnel test of the aircraft. That shows the method could be used to determine whether the sensor after dynamic compensation is suitable for the dynamic test.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 273-278 [Abstract] ( 616 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (643 KB)  ( 424 )
279 Based on the Residual Momentum of Driver Fault Detection for Two-link Flexible Manipulator
SHAO Dan-lu,WANG Bin-rui,JIN Ying-lian
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.12
For two-linkflexible manipulators in the vertical plane, the deadweight of arms and the weight of end loads are comprehensively considered, the dynamics model is established based on the lagrange equations and assumed modes method. And based on the derivative of momentum, residual momentum operatoris designed, and the influence of flexibility deformation on the rotational angle in the calculation of residual momentum is taken into account. Using flexible hinges, the simulation platform is set up in Matlab/Simulink. Aiming at simulation of manipulators swing under the drives are trouble-free, drives have a single fault and drives have multiple faults, then give the change curves of corresponding residual momentum respectively. The results show that  the residual momentum operator model established could be applied to rigid arms and flexible arms. When drives are trouble-free,the residual momentum is approximate to 0. When drives have faults, the size and trend of residual momentum reflect the size and trend of input torque when there is no fault approximately.The driver fault mostly affects the link directly driven by the driver with fault.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 279-283 [Abstract] ( 679 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (387 KB)  ( 397 )
284 Single System across Two Environments Testing Method for Engineering Structures on the Field Condition under Low Temperature
ZHANG Jun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.13
The single system across two environments testing method is presented for inspecting mechanical parameters of engineering structures on the field condition under low temperature. Two different environments are established by adding testing vehicle. Test can be carried out with a single test system, in which test instruments and computers are arranged in the vehicle environment of higher temperature, but the low-temperature sensors are fixed on the tested structures in low temperature environment directly. Testing data can be transmitted between the instruments and sensors by special signal wire. A trail of contrast experiments on displacement and strain indicates that the present method is rational and accurate. The results on a steel truss bridge show that the present testing method of single system across two environments can test mechanical behaviors of engineering structures on the field condition under low temperature effectively.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 284-288 [Abstract] ( 555 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (480 KB)  ( 388 )
289 The Fault Diagnosis for Rotating Machinery Based on BSS and AR Spectrum Estimation
MENG Zong,LIANG Zhi
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.14
The accurate AR model can reveal the changing state characteristics inherent in the signal, however the AR model is sensitive to the changes in the state of the system, and the multiple of dynamic source signal coupling is bound to affect the estimated results. The method of blind source separation is reconstruct mechanical vibration source signals. Then the non-stationary fault signal is decomposed into several stationary signals which suit to establish AR model. Finally, the AR model of stationary intrinsic mode function is constructed to extract the characteristics of fault vibration signal. The results of simulation and experiment are presented to verify the theory analysis.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 289-294 [Abstract] ( 527 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7052 KB)  ( 511 )
295 Research on Liquid Viscosity Sensitivity Using Love Wave Device
WANG Meng-yang,CHEN Zhi-jun,JIANG Ling,LIU Jing-yong,TONG Rui
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.15
he theory model of Love wave loaded with viscous liquid is established, the influences of liquid viscosity on propagation velocity of Love wave are analyzed. The thickness of the film is optimized and the Love wave device is fabricated on 36°LiTaO3 with a SiO2 film overlaid. The device is fabricated and tested, The experimental results are basically in accordance with simulation analysis, proving the validity of theory model.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 295-298 [Abstract] ( 450 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2282 KB)  ( 534 )
299 Research on Analysis and Measurement Method for Thermal Resistance of Precision Resistor
WU Jian,LI Zheng-kun,CHEN Le,ZHANG Zhong-hua
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.16
A new method of measuring thermal resistance for manganese-copper wire precision resistance is developed. The thermal resistance calculation formula which is suitable for manganese-copper wire precision resistance is derived. A test system for temperature characteristic of resistance and load effect of resistance is built. The phenomenon of zero load effect point is explained. The repeatability of measuring results for of zero load effect point got in experiment is about several parts in 10-8. Finally, the load effect testing method for other resistors with rated power is introduced, in which the reference resistor is the manganese-copper wire precision resistor with measured zero effect point.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 299-303 [Abstract] ( 545 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (876 KB)  ( 454 )
303 ire Rope Defects with the Micro-magnetic NDT Technology
SHI Rong,WEI Ying-jie,WANG Jin-dong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.17
With the purpose of applying micromagnetic detection technology to nondestructive testing for wire ropes,the finite element method is used for analysis of the feasibility of the broken wire defects detection,using the residual magnetic field of the wire rope itself without extra magnetic field excitation. The wire rope defect points and the leakage magnetic field strength in surrounding air,distribution and the testability have been calculated. Then the influence of the geomagnetic field has been discussed,which is a theoretical basis for micromagnetic detection technology. Moreover,the testing results and the change laws in different broken wires states,as well as the functional relationship between the rope metal sectional area loss and the outputs of the detection system,are obtained through the experimental researches of micromagnetic detection method for wire ropes,that have verified the feasibility and reliability of micromagnetic nondestructive testing technology.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 303-308 [Abstract] ( 678 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2715 KB)  ( 438 )
309 A Novel Calculation Method for Peak of Impulse Waveforms Based on Parabola Curve-fitting
LIANG Zhi-guo,LI Xin-liang,ZHU Zhen-yu
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.18
A novel calculation method based on parabola curve-fitting is presented for peak calculation. Through taking out the waveform near impulse peak from acquisition data, the impulse peak value is got by using parabola curve-fitting. The method has the specialties of easy to use, good convergence, and so on. By the error of curve-fitting,  the different curve-fitting results can be compared. In this method, the sampling data are used to calculate the impulse peak directly, so, there is no affects and influence of filters, and it can attain the more precise and  impersonal peak results. In a group of impulse calibration experiments, and through compared with traditional method, both the correctness and the feasibility of the pulse peak calculation method are proved.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 309-313 [Abstract] ( 1136 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3214 KB)  ( 556 )
313 The Research of Related Parameters in Twice Sampling Stochastic Resonance Used in Week Signal Detection
ZHENG Tang,LI Shi-ping,CHENG Shuang-jiang,WU Xiao-min
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.19
Two important parameters, the sample frequency and twice sample frequency, is analyzed. The effects of these two parameters on the output of system is concluded based on the theoretical analysis and simulation. At the same time, the cause of these effects are analyzed and then put forward a method of how to select these two parameters. It provides a basis for a better use of twice sampling stochastic resonance in weak signal periodic detection.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 313-317 [Abstract] ( 723 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (10069 KB)  ( 513 )
318 The Uncertainty Estimation for the Probe Calibration Results Employing a TEM Cell
LIU Xiao,LI Bo,XIE Ming
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.20
he TEM cell is used widely as an electromagnetic field generator, and by employing it, a probe calibration system can be set up to calibrate the radio frequency electromagnetic field probe. A probe calibration system working at 300 kHz～100 MHz is analyzed, and the measurement result uncertainty is presented for a magnetic field probe at five different frequencies in that range. The analysis takes into account the effect of the wave impedance inside the TEM cell, and that of the interaction between the probe and the standard field etc, which can be a useful guide to analyse the electromagnetic field probe calibration process.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 318-323 [Abstract] ( 767 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (718 KB)  ( 584 )
324 Study on a Superconducting Cavity Stabilized Oscillator
WANG Nuan-rang,NIAN Feng,GAO Lian-shan,FENG Ke-ming
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.21
The design of a superconducting cavity stabilized oscillator (SCSO) is achieved based on theory analysis and computer simulation. It includes the design of superconducting cavity with high quality factor, cryogenic environment, PLL and so on. The quality factor of cavity reaches 2×109 and the temperature is 1.8K and the temperature stability is better than 0.001K in experiment. The experiment result is achieved through system debug and optimization that the stability of 1s reaches 10-13.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 324-327 [Abstract] ( 965 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1773 KB)  ( 666 )
328 Research on the Progeny Volume Activity Measuring Method of 222Rn with Liquid Scintillation Counting
YANG Zhi-jie,LI Ze-shu,HOU Sheng-li,LIU Hao-ran,ZHANG Ming,LIANG Jun-cheng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.22
Based on liquid scintillation counting, a measuring method of 222Rn progeny volume activity  is established. Using this kind of method, measurements are executed in NIM’s radon chamber when 222Rn and its progenies get to the secure equilibrium, and a typically expanded uncertainty of 1.5% (k=2) for the potential alpha energy concentration is obtained. Comparative measurements based on the alpha energy spectrum are also executed and the results of the two methods agree within the estimated uncertainty limit.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 328-332 [Abstract] ( 624 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2353 KB)  ( 777 )
333 Development of a Certified Reference Material for Lyophilized Vitamin K1
ZHANG Xiao-guang,HUANG Ting,ZHANG Wei,HUANG Liang, QUAN Can,LI Hong-mei,YANG Yi
DOI: doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.03.23
Dimethyl sulfone (DMSO) is firstly applied as the solvent for a lyophilized certified reference material (CRM). Vitamin K1/DMSO solution is prepared by gravimetry, and is sub-divided and lyophilized, the lyophilized vitamin K1 CRM is developed through qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, homogeneity study, stability study and uncertainty evaluation. Certified value of lyophilization vitamin K1 is analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography method, using the vitamin K1 purity CRM as a calibrant. The certified value is 0.96 mg/mL, with the relative expanded uncertainty of 7%. The method of CRM lyophilized vitamin K1 makes great significance for the accurate determination the disease in clinical examination and the long-term preservation of vitamin K1.
2015 Vol. 36 (3): 333-336 [Abstract] ( 831 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (629 KB)  ( 638 )
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