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2014 Vol. 35, No. 2
Published: 2014-03-22
 
97 Research on the Dimension Measurement Method for Special-shaped Hot Forgings
LI Qun, HAN Jun-xia,ZHANG Yu-cun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.01
Guide::null
A geometry dimension measurement method for special-shaped forgings is proposed.The measuring system composed of a green line laser,a CCD camera and a servo system is established.Two dimension information of the laser stripe modulated by the forgings surface profile is extracted from the images.And further the size of the forgings is acquired through the reconstruction of point cloud after coordinate transformation.Aiming at the morphology feature of the special-shaped forgings,a math measuring model based on the CCD scanning is established and a solving method of the optical center motion trail is proposed based on the chessboard reference plane target.The optical center motion trail is solved by using the feature point coordinate of the reference plane on the different frames.The overall profile dimension is achieved according to the optical center motion trail and the math scanning measuring model.The experimental results of the spherical shell cover demonstrate that the measured diameter errors of spherical crown portion are less than 4 mm,meeting the requirement for the accurate measurement of the hot forgings.This method is feasible according to the experimental results.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 97-101 [Abstract] ( 757 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3802 KB)  ( 945 )
102 Research on Calibration of Three Dimensional Coordinate Reconstruction of Feature Points in Binocular Stereo Vision
WEI Zheng-liang, GU Yao-da, HUANG Zhi-bin, WU Jing
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.02
Guide::null
Binocular stereo vision is one of the 3D measurement techniques which is more adult in commerce. The accurate calibration of inner and out parameters for left and right camera is basic and important in realizing 3D reconstruction.Corresponding image process techniques to two calibration block pattern with chess corners or circle points are researched，so the feature points are located in sub-pixel accuracy and effectly sequenced.The optical and space parameters are calculated by calibration algorithm of homography constraint and multe-view plane.Accuracy of calibration result is evaluated by epipolar constraint residual error.The calibration of measurement results of flatness and angle between planes of feature points 3D reconstruction is completed by standard of bridge CMM.The calibration of space distance of feature points is completed by standard of optical CMM，and the uncertainty is analyzed.The indication error of space distance of circle calibration points 3D reconstruction is 0.029 mm, uncertainty U is 24 μm(k=2).
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 102-107 [Abstract] ( 655 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3328 KB)  ( 979 )
108 Error Compensation for Single Pair-pole Encoder Based on Ellipse Hypothesis
ZENG Yi-fan, JIANG Fang-fang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.03
An error compensation method for the single pair-pole encoder is studied. For each of the single-pole magnetic encoder, analyzed offset, sensitivity error, quadrature error and ferromagnetic interference error, the expression of each error is obtained. In order to facilitate the error compensation,  the expression to describe the error common to this type  is summed up. The formation process of the error can be assumed as the process of changing from circle to ellipse. Therefore the inverse of this process is the same as the process of error compensation. The experimental results show that the accuracy of magnetic encoder which used this method could reach 0.02°, thus the error compensation effect is obvious. The advantages of the magnetic encoder which is applied this method are low-cost, high-precision and convenient to use.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 108-112 [Abstract] ( 812 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1255 KB)  ( 1483 )
113 A New Error Separation Method for Measurement Results of Discrete Points of 2D Precision Stage
GUO Tian-tai, WANG Xiao-xiao, HONG Bo, ZHAO Jun, KONG Ming, GAO Si-tian
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.04
To separate the system error of precision stage, a new method for separation was put forward. Firstly different positions of auxiliary measuring grid plate and 2D-stage were measured. Then according to the measurement data of mark points on the grid plate and their corresponding nominal values, a mathematical model for error separation was established, which could separate errors from the measured results. The effectiveness of the algorithm was verified through simulation. Simulation results showed that when there was no measurement noise, the algorithm could realize complete error separation, while in the case of the presence of measurement noise, the relative error of standard deviation of calculated values and the given values were 1.95% and 1.52% in X-axis and Y-axis respectively. For noises with different amplitudes, the calculated values of system errors were stable. The algorithm is not sensitive to noise and can be very useful in evaluation of measurement results and instrument performances.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 113-119 [Abstract] ( 646 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7449 KB)  ( 712 )
120 Development and Characterization of Cesium, Sodium Heat Pipe Standard Blackbody Radiation Sources
HUANG Shen-yan,HAO Xiao-peng,WANG Jing-hui,YUAN Zun-dong, WU Jian-ping
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.05
The development and characterization of cesium, sodium heat pipe blackbodies 270～1 000 ℃ at National Institute of Metrology is described. It includes cesium heat pipe blackbody source 270～600 ℃, sodium heat pipe blackbody source 500～1 000 ℃, standard thermometer device and data acquisition system. The cesium, sodium heat pipe performance is tested, including temperature uniformity of the three-zone furnace, temperature stability of the blackbody, axial temperature uniformity of the blackbody cavity, temperature uniformity of the blackbody cavity aperture, temperature uniformity of the heat pipe thermometer well and so on. The combined standard uncertainty is 0.09～0.13  ℃（k=2） in the temperature region from 270～1 000 ℃.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 120-124 [Abstract] ( 839 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (631 KB)  ( 1347 )
125 Experimental Research on the Thermistor for Temperature Measurement for Drying Drum Channel
YANG Jian-hong, FANG Huai-ying, JIANG Shao-yin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.06
The accurate temperature measurement of drying drum channel for asphalt mixing plant is a key technology of automation control. A novel on-line temperature measuring system of flow channel was developed based on thermistor and control centre of embedded system. The nonlinear compensation module of temperature had been established. The nonlinear relationships between resistance and temperature was compensated based on particle swarm optimize algorithm. Some comparison of thermistor, thermal resistance and infrared radiation had been finished. The application experiments proved that influence on thermal inertia and dusts can be decreased obviously by temperature measuring system of thermistor. The temperature measurement of thermistor can meet the intelligent control requirement of the flow channel. The mixing performance of asphalt mix plant was improved.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 125-128 [Abstract] ( 567 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1130 KB)  ( 1106 )
129 Back-vertex-power Measurement System Based on Laser Differential Confocal Technique
LI Fei,LI Lin, HONG Bao-yu, ZHAO Wei-qian
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.07
A new vertex-power measurement method based on laser differential confocal technique is proposed for the demand of high-precision back-vertex-power measurement. A vertex power measurement system is built up. This system takes advantage of outstanding focusing ability of laser differential confocal system to improve the positioning accuracy, and uses the interferometer to measure the distance from the origin and finally gets the results by means of conversion of the formula. The component design specifications and influence factors are analyzed. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the measurement error of the method is about 0.03 m-1.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 129-132 [Abstract] ( 621 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (396 KB)  ( 925 )
133 Collinearity Theory and the Camera Calibration Method of Underwater Photogrammetry
QIN Gui-qin, ZHANG Yong-sheng, HUANG Gui-ping, FAN Ya-bing, CHEN Zheng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.08
With a brief introduction of optical theory of photogrammetry, the relation of the location of datum marks is described in camera lens system between air and underwater. The collinearity theory of underwater photogrammetry is proposed, and the variety of principal distance of underwater camera is illustrated.After the analysis of distortion and view of underwater photography, the camera underwater calibration method is described.One calibration test on underwater camera was done.The results indicate that the collinearity theory of underwater photogrammetry is right and the method of underwater camera calibration is suitable.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 133-138 [Abstract] ( 1003 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (803 KB)  ( 1488 )
139 Study on the Key Technology of Hot Rolling Heavy Rail Surface Faults of Online Detecting and Recognition
XIE Zhi-jiang, XIE Chang-gui
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.09
In currently hot rolling heavy rail surface faults detecting, speed is slow and its precision is low.So a suit of surface defect detection system for hot rolling heavy rail based on the machine vision is produced. Too dark and sun regional overlapping fusion method and image correlation between pixel lines algorithm is analysised,and a fuzzy spiking neural network used to make a classification for the characteristics of low SVM training algorithm is researched.Using above key machine vision technology for detection of hot heavy rail surface defects identification,  the speed and accuracy of online testing can be greatly improved, and the detection correction rate is over than 90%.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 139-142 [Abstract] ( 672 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (861 KB)  ( 903 )
143 A Quick Stereo Matching Algorithm for Helicopter Platform
YU Ying, YANG Jing-yu, ZHANG Yong-sheng, XUE Wu
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.10
A stereo matching algorithm which is good matching quality and quick is designed. Firstly, an initial disparity and overlap based on coarse-resolution images is got. Then a mutual information is used as matching-measure and through one dimension path aggregation the accurate disparity will be got. The matching algorithm uses GPU to accelerate the process,and a good acceleration ratio will be achieved. Finally, the experiment prove it right and efficient.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 143-146 [Abstract] ( 768 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2973 KB)  ( 1200 )
147 Study on Ultrasonic Imaging Devices for Liquid-solid Two-phase Flow
ZHOU Ming1,2, SHAO Fu-qun1, ZHANG Lin1
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.11
To constitute a data acquisition system for ultrasonic projections, piezoelectric ultrasonic sensors, sensor array, sending and receiving circuits for ultrasound were made. With the liquid-solid two-phase flow of water and sediment as research object, the projection data were collected by a computer. It is found that resonance frequency of the sensor is up to 200kHz, launch angle of the launching sensor is bigger, and receiving sensitivity of the receiving sensor is higher.  The electromagnetic interference produced in the receiving sensor is eliminated significantly by RC filter. The way of alternate arrangement of the sensors can make system to get the largest number of projection data, and make the design of circuits feasible to avoid mutual interference of signal. The projection data truly reflect the flow condition of solid phase.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 147-150 [Abstract] ( 610 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1100 KB)  ( 808 )
151 The Operational Performance and Evaluation Index Research ofthe Ultrasonic Water Flow Detection Transducer
YAO Ling, WANG Rang-ding, ZUO Fu-qiang, WANG Xin-xin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.12
The evaluation index of ultrasonic water flow detection transducer is an important aspect for reflecting the transducer operational performance. The research details about the transducer evaluation index, evaluation index  test method and performance test device  were described.The performance and influence quantity test of the transducer has be done using a self-restraint transducer performance test device. The effective ways and means have be provided about ultrasonic water flow detection transducer screening, matching and quality control.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 151-156 [Abstract] ( 586 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1938 KB)  ( 1154 )
157 Prediction of Rolling Force Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and Back Propagation Neural Network in Aluminum Hot Tandem Rolling
ZHAO Zhi-wei, YANG Jing-ming, CHE Hai-jun, HU Zi-yu, WANG Xi
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.13
After analysing the traditional mathematic model of rolling force, a prediction method of rolling force based on the artificial bee colony Algorithm and back propagation neural network is presented, which is used in aluminum hot tandem rolling. The initial weights and threshold values of back propagation neural network are optimized by artificial bee colony algorithm. The training and testing samples are collected from the finishing mills. Comparing with the Sims mathematical model and back propagation neural network, the experimental results show that the prediction accuracy and error of rolling force is superior to that of  the traditional methods.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 157-160 [Abstract] ( 681 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (343 KB)  ( 961 )
161 A Method for Calibration of Electronic Current Transformer
PAN Feng, SHEN Yan-hua, XIAO Yong, SUN Wei-ming, ZHAO Wei, ZHANG Yong-wang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.14
A method based on the sampling measurement technology for calibration of electronic current transformer with analog and digital outputs is described.The ratio and phase errors of the current transformer under calibration are determined as the difference between the two measurement values that are collected at the secondary of the calibrated transformer and of a reference transformer when the same signal is applied to their primary. The error of the method is thoroughly analyzed and the possibility is proved. A prototype of calibration system for electronic current transformer has been developed. The test that estimates the performance of the calibration system has been carried out in National Center for High Voltage Measurement. The tested results show that the system fulfills the requirements for calibrating current transformers for use with electrical measuring instruments and with accuracy class up to 0.2.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 161-164 [Abstract] ( 570 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (705 KB)  ( 802 )
165 Application Soft-sensing Technique Based on Kalman Algorithm for Battery Capacity Detection
WANG Feng-guo, ZHANG Zhong-xiang, OUYANG Song, WU Qing-fen
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.15
In order to accurately detect the practical work capacity of battery for the emission car,a kind of Kalman algorithm based on soft-sensing method is put forward. First of all, the battery mathematical model is established, then, the soft-sensing model is built with selecting measurable, easy measurement auxiliary variables and Kalman algorithm; and then, the soft-sensing model is attained with historical test data and the parameter identification method. Finally, the model is simulated by the Matlab software and tested field. The results show that soft-sensing technique with Kalman algorithm reduces the current cumulative error of battery in the process of application, and improves the battery capacity detection accuracy.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 165-168 [Abstract] ( 505 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (897 KB)  ( 1238 )
169 A Consecutively Adjustable and High Stable DC Voltage Source with PWM Chopped Modulator
WANG Gang, LAN Jiang, CHEN Le, LI Zheng-kun, WANG Nong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.16
A continuously adjustable high stable DC voltage reference based on subsurface Zener reference LTZ1000A is presented and PWM technique is adopted to output voltages between 0～10 V. With selecting high precise resistors and using appropriate measures to insulate and isolate,the short-time relative stability of 7 V output voltage provided by LTZ 1000 is 1.7×10-8.The voltage of 10 V is increased up by a network,composed by high precise resistors with the same temperature coefficient,and its short-time relative stability is 2.4×10-8. The voltage of 0~10 V generated by PWM technique and suitable DC-DC conversion-filter circuit are measured and the short term relative stabilities are about 10-7.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 169-172 [Abstract] ( 729 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (607 KB)  ( 1028 )
173  Parameter Measurement of Ultrasonic Transducer Based on Data Visualization
SUI Yong-jie, WANG Xue-jing, ZHU Hai-jiang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.17
Ultrasonic transducer is an important part in ultrasonic NDT (nondestructive testing), and the parameter of the transducer directly affect the calibration and evaluation of ultrasonic testing system performance. The visualization of spatial ultrasound data obtained by high accuracy space scanning system and the measurement of several acoustic parameters based on visualization are presented. The measured results are consistent with that of theory value. Experiment results show that visualization directly can characterize ultrasonic field and provide the basis of reliable measurement and assess for ultrasound transducer.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 173-176 [Abstract] ( 515 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3794 KB)  ( 1004 )
177 Processing of the Tissue-mimicking Material Ultrasonic Scattering Signal  Based on Variable Window Function
YANG Meng-wei, ZHU Hai-jiang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.18
Based on the ultrasonic backscattering imaging of tissue-mimicking phantom, an variable window function algorithm was suggested. At first, the threshold translation process was carried out in backscattering signal. At second, the window-undetection was corrected. At last, the signal achieved by scanning mechanism was quantized to imaging. The experimental result shows that this algorithm could strengthen the difference between noise and interested zone in a target image. The improvement makes it possible for us to do the follow-up research, like edge extraction and three-dimensional reconstruction.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 177-179 [Abstract] ( 504 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3558 KB)  ( 732 )
180 Development Purifying Device for CRM of Benzoic Based on Zone Melting
SUN Guo-hua, LI Jia, WU Bing, WANG Hai-feng, MENG Fan-min
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.19
The purifying device based on zone melting designed by the National Institute of Metrology (NIM) is described. The calorific primary reference material of benzoic is purified by the device. For improving the quality of highly purified sample,a new design of twin heater is employed. The crackle of glass tube due to inner tension is avoided by the new design of angle controller which can increase cross sectional area. The purity of benzoic is determined by the national primary standard instrument of coulometry. The result of benzoic purified by the device is 99.999%,which expanded uncertainty is 0.016 %(k=2). It proves the device meet the primary reference material requirements of purification.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 180-183 [Abstract] ( 612 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (662 KB)  ( 990 )
184 Research and Evaluation on the Method of Detection for Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging System
LI Jie
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.20
According to the technical characteristics of medical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, and based on the experimental data, MRI detection system parameters and specifications,including the main magnetic field strength, the signal noise ratio and image uniformity are researched and determined. The uncertainty of main magnetic field strength is analyzed and evaluated. The result of expanded uncertainty for the main magnetic field strength of medical MRI system is U=9.8 mT （k=2), and these are consistent with MRI clinical and quality control requirements.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 184-187 [Abstract] ( 542 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (909 KB)  ( 1108 )
188 Research on Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty in Met/Cal
XU Ting-xue, WANG Hao-wei, WANG Li-jun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2014.02.21
The principle and method of automatic evaluation of measurement uncertainty in Met/Cal are systematically explained by means of analyzing three uncertainty sources which are by default considered to evaluate measurement uncertainty. Seven calculation fomulas used in evaluation of measurement uncertainty are introduced and  how to achieve user-defined evaluation of measurement uncertainty is researched.Lastly, the default process of evaluation of measurement uncertainty and the procedure example of user-defined evaluation of measurement uncertainty is provided in order to support users rightly making use of the function of Met/Cal.
2014 Vol. 35 (2): 188-192 [Abstract] ( 823 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1846 KB)  ( 1146 )
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